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The study conducted by Louise Evans, Heather Cameron-Whytock, and Carrie Ijichi: When we think of intelligence in animals, we often picture apes or dolphins—but new research on horses is changing that. A study conducted in 2024 on model-based learning in horses suggests they’re far more conscious and thoughtful than we ever thought.​ This study looked at how horses make decisions and learn from consequences, comparing two types of learning: model-free and model-based: Model-f

The word Dressage is an old French word, meaning “to train.” Is that really what modern Dressage – or as an unknowing person may pronounce it, “dressidge” – is? The sport is expected to be representative of correct horsemanship, but it can be more like watching a battle between horse and rider. Inside the world of Dressage, there are riders taking extreme measures and fighting with what’s natural to create dance-like movements. On the surface, though, Dressage is a peaceful d